Correspondence to Author: Bruno Fiorio Pinheiro¹, Pedro Candido Pereira Mendes¹, Augusto Moreira Ibraim Hallack¹, Felipe Frare Amaral¹, Juarez Dantas Vieira Junior¹, André Francisco Teixeira Aires¹, Victor Gabriel Trevizan Silva¹, Igor Queiroz Blasque¹, Álvaro Vital Navarro Costa¹, Thiago Augusto Rochetti Bezerra². 

1. Medical Student. USCS – University of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil.
2. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo- FMRP/USP. Medical Student. UNAERP – University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

DOI: 10.52338/wjcsr.2025.5258

Abstract:

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta ≥3 cm, characterizing a silent degenerative condition with high mortality when rupture occurs. Its pathophysiology involves inflammatory processes, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and cell apoptosis. Its prevalence increases with age and is more frequent in men, although women have a higher proportional risk of rupture.
Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological profile of AAA, describing its prevalence, risk factors, anatomical characteristics, clinical outcomes, and gaps in care, in order to support prevention, screening, and management strategies.
Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study based on secondary data from official health information systems and scientific articles. Cases with a diagnosis confirmed by imaging were included. Descriptive and comparative analyses and association estimates were performed, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results and Discussion:The overall prevalence ranged from 0.9% to 1.7%, with rates of 3% to 6% in men >65 years and 0.5% to 1% in women. The mean age at diagnosis was 72 ± 8 years (men) and 75 ± 7 years (women). Incidental diagnoses accounted for 68% of cases. Smoking was the most frequent risk factor (70%–82%). Aneurysms ≥50 mm accounted for 32% of cases and exhibited faster growth. Perioperative mortality was lower in EVAR (1.8%) compared to open surgery (4.5%). Rupture occurred in 6% of cases, with a mortality rate of 68%.
Final considerations: AAA remains underdiagnosed, especially in regions with less access to ultrasound. The absence of national screening programs and regional inequalities increase mortality. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances, such as EVAR and three-dimensional analyses, reinforce the need for individualized management. Robust epidemiological studies are essential to support health policies and reduce mortality associated with AAA.

Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm; epidemiology; screening; ultrasonography; mortality; public health.

Citation:

Dr. Thiago Augusto Rochetti Bezerra, ntraoperative Mortality Rate Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Epidemiological Study. World Journal of Clinical Surgery 2025.